Literature
- Langton, P.H. 1991. A key to the pupal exuviae of West Palaearctic Chironomidae. Langton, Huntingdon Cambridgeshire 386 pp.
- Saether, O.A. 1975. Nearctic and Palaearctic Heterotrissocladius (Diptera:Chironomidae). Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 193: 67pp.
- Wiederholm, T. (ed.) 1983. Chironomidae of the holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses part 1. Larvae. Ent. Scand. Suppl. 19: 1-457.