Literature
- Kiknadze, I.I., A.I. Shilowa, I.E. Kerkis, N.A. Shobanov, N.I. Zelentzov, L.P. Grebenyuk, A.G. Istomina, and V.A. Prasolov 1991. [Karyotypical and morphological atlas of larvae of Chironomini] [Russian]. Akademia NAUKA 115 pp.
- Wiederholm, T. (ed.) 1983. Chironomidae of the holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses part 1. Larvae. Ent. Scand. Suppl. 19: 1-457.